When human society entered the twenty-first Century, from the world, we are in the period of rapid development of manufacturing technology. Machining as manufacturing technology are the basis of process, with the development of manufacturing technology, at the end of the 20th century also made great progress, access to the development of high speed cutting, development of new cutting technique and processing method, to provide complete sets of technical characteristics of a new stage of development. It is an important industrial sector in the manufacturing sector, such as automotive, aerospace, energy, military, mold, electronic and other major processing technology, but also an important factor in the rapid development of the industrial sector. Therefore, in the manufacturing industry developed in the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries to maintain the momentum of rapid development. Metal cutting tools, CNC machine tools as an indispensable supporting technology and equipment, under the drive of NC machining technology, has entered the stage of development of CNC tool, show "three high and one special" (that is, high efficiency, high industry, high reliability and specialization) characteristics.

1, in twenty-first Century, the main trend of the development of cutting processing technology

(1) high speed cutting will be a new technology of cutting.

At present, with the high speed cutting is representative of dry cutting process of cutting, hard cutting model has shown a lot of advantages and strong vitality. This is manufacturing technology to improve processing efficiency and quality, reduce costs, shorten the development cycle of the cutting proposed requirements. Therefore, the development of high-speed cutting and other new cutting technology, promoting the development of manufacturing technology is the most significant feature of the development of modern cutting technology. Contemporary high-speed cutting is not only the increase of cutting speed, but need to in the all-round progress of manufacturing technology and further innovation, including a significant progress in the technology of NC machine tool, cutting tool material, coating, cutting tool structure, to the cutting speed and feed rate doubled, and promote the development of the reform and innovation of traditional cutting process, the manufacturing industry as a whole machining efficiency is significantly improved, table 1 is the latest stage of machining.

Table 1 the technical level of the high speed cutting at the present stage

Milling CBN milling gray cast iron 1000~2000m/min

PCD milling aluminum alloy 4000~7000m/min

Turning gray cast iron with silicon nitride ceramics 500~700m/min

CBN Turning Hardened Steel (60HRC) 100~200m/min

Cut CBN turning grey cast iron brake disc 700~1000m/min

Drilling gray cast iron 100m/min drilling bit

Cutting Tapping of cobalt high speed steel wire taper processing 61m/min

Screw (M14 * 1.5)

lines

Processing of hard alloy hob 16MnCr5350m/min

Machining of tooth metal ceramic hob 16MnCr5600m/min

Hard cutting is a high speed cutting technology applications, single blade or multi blade cutter quenching hard parts, compared with the traditional grinding process, with high efficiency, flexible, simple process, less investment, etc. advantages has in some application areas produced good results. In the automotive industry, using CBN tool to process 20CrMo5 hardened gear (60RHC) inner hole, instead of grinding, has become a new technology in the automobile industry at home and abroad. In the mold industry with CBN tool precision and high speed milling hardened steel mold, take small path interval, don't take the knife, complete type surface finish machining, can greatly reduce the workload of polishing, can significantly shorten the development cycle of mould, has become the mold manufacturing industry of a new technology. In the machine tool industry with CBN whirlwind milling ball screw (64CRH) instead of screw grinding, hard alloy hob Machining Hardened gear and so show a strong vitality.

(2) a major breakthrough in the processing technology of difficult processing materials

For a long time, difficult to machine materials such as austenitic stainless steel, high manganese steel, hardened steel, composite materials, wear-resistant cast iron has been cutting problem, not only the low cutting efficiency and tool life short. With the development of manufacturing industry, in twenty-first Century the amount of these materials will increase rapidly, the contradiction of processing will be more prominent. At the same time, the material composition of the product will continue to optimize, the new engineering materials are also constantly coming out, and each of the new materials are used in the cutting process put forward new requirements. Such as cutting processing is relatively concentrated in the automobile industry, the engine, the clutch parts of silicon aluminum alloy continued increase in the proportion of the and began to introduce magnesium alloy and new high strength cast iron to reduce vehicle weight, saves the energy consumption. And as in the aerospace industry, titanium alloy, nickel based alloys and superalloys, ceramics etc. of difficult to machine materials application proportion and the processing difficulty also will further increase, efficient processing of these materials can, directly related to the overall level of China's automotive, aerospace, energy and other important industrial sectors and the rate of development of the manufacturing industry and the cutting technology biggest challenge. We must from the beginning of the 21st century began to explore from the fundamental solution to the century problem of difficult to machining materials extensive use and the variety performance diversification, processing technology and innovation, it includes the development of new cutting edge, laser, and the processing method.

(3) to meet the needs of the manufacturing industry in the new technology and new products with unprecedented high

After entering twenty-first Century, the trend of product diversification and personalization will be further intensified, the product update speed of manufacturing industry is also bound to greatly accelerate. Each new product development means that parts function, structure, material changes, but also to the cutting process of new development tasks. Such as the product of the screw pump, constant velocity universal joint, bottom diameter centering spline, machine tool new HSK interface, aviation industry overall aluminum alloy component, electronic industrial printed circuit board etc., all without exception reflects the results of cutting technology and tool. Not only that, the current use of cutting machining flexibility and the results of modern machining and cutting tool technology, innovative parts processing methods, but also shows the characteristics of less input, large output, quick effect. As in the 90s of the 20th century the new car generator, clutch production line concentration shows that: cylinder holes in the whole hard alloy drill cutting process, the crankshaft "a car pull" technology, head of diamond of high speed milling, synchronizer gear cylinder type broaching process of new processing technology, not only the new production line for the production rhythm accelerate, improve product quality, to reduce the amount of investment, fully demonstrated the huge potential of the machining, but also to the enterprise in the 21st century to invest in new projects, to reform the existing processing methods, play machining expertise, increase the competitive power of enterprises made a demonstration. In this context, the demand for new technology and new products in the manufacturing industry will reach an unprecedented height at the beginning of twenty-first Century. This is not only a challenge to the cutting technology, but also a challenge to the traditional concept of the manufacturing industry in our country.

(4) to meet the challenges of human social progress in cutting processing

Another new technique for high speed cutting is dry cutting. At the end of the twentieth Century, human society has gained high speed consensus on environmental protection and ecological balance, and has become the common programme of action for the world. At present, a "green project", which is used to reduce energy consumption, save energy, save material, reduce waste, is conducive to environmental protection and people's health, the implementation of clean and safe production of "green project" has been the rise of industrial developed countries. The implementation of the "green project", the development of "green manufacturing technology" is an important issue in the development of the new century, the development of cutting. Machining cutting fluid on the environment pollution, damage to the operator's health has become the focus of the current governance, but the cutting fluid caused by harm and manage increased manufacturing costs, leading to dry cutting technology development, and the emergence of the micro lubrication cutting, cold cut cutting and other quasi dry cutting process. Current advocate of dry cutting is not simply to remove in the original process of cutting fluid, cutting efficiency, but major changes in the traditional cutting process, to provide a clean, safe and efficient new technology for the new century, which is of cutting tool materials, coating, the structure of the overall challenge. And saving the precious metal resources of tool material consumption, developing the new technology such as heavy grinding, recovery and so on, have become the responsibility to the human civilization and social progress.

2, accelerate the development and application of key technologies

(1) the development and application of new tool materials

The development of tool material is the most important factor in the development of machining technology. The development of tool materials have two important trends: one is hard alloy cutting tool applications continue to expand the scope of the, titanium carbonitride base hard alloy (cermet), ultra-fine grain cemented carbide, gradient structure cemented carbide and tungsten carbide and high speed steel two powder composite materials will replace a considerable part of the high-speed steel cutting tools, including drill, milling cutter, taps and other simple universal cutter and gear hob, broach and other precise complex cutting tool, the tool cutting speed is greatly improved. Cemented carbide will be dominant in the tool material, covering most of the conventional machining field. Two is the use of super hard tool material will be significantly increased, with the further improvement of CBN toughness, it will have a significant increase in the proportion of cutting tool. PCD and single crystal diamond are the best tools for high precision machining nonferrous metals, ceramics, glass, graphite and other non-metallic materials. With the automotive, aerospace, electronics, military and other sectors of the increase in demand for these materials, the application of PCD will be more extensive.

(2) the development and application of coating technology

Cutting tool coating technology since its inception, the progress of the improvement on the performance of cutting tools and the processing technology plays a very important role, tool coating has become symbol of modern cutting tool, tool in the ratio has exceeded 50%. At the beginning of the 21st century, will further increase the proportion of coated cutting tools, is expected in the technical breakthrough CBN coating technology and practical, the CBN's excellent performance in the more tools and cutting applied even precise complex cutting tool and forming tool, which will comprehensively improve the level of black metal cutting. In addition, the development and application of the new coating materials such as super thin, super multi layer coating and carbon nitride will speed up, the coating will be the main way to improve the performance of the tool.

(3) the development and application of multi function and special tool

To play in turning machining center and boring and milling machining center to representatives of NC machining technology advantage, improve the machining efficiency and the machining of complex parts require multi process processing in a clamping, and dilute the traditional cars, milling, boring and thread processing and so on not cutting process boundaries, is to improve the efficiency of NC machine tool, the effective way to speed up the product development. To this end, it is also a tool to put forward a number of features.